Cobalamin C Deficiency Shows a Rapidly Progressing Maculopathy With Severe Photoreceptor and Ganglion Cell Loss.
Publication/Presentation Date
12-1-2015
Abstract
PURPOSE: To describe in detail the retinal structure and function of a group of patients with cobalamin C (cblC) disease.
METHODS: Patients (n = 11, age 4 months to 15 years) with cblC disease (9/11, early onset) diagnosed by newborn screening underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, fundus photography, near-infrared reflectance imaging, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Electroretinograms (ERGs) were performed in a subset of patients.
RESULTS: Patients carried homozygous or compound heterozygote mutations in the methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type C (MMACHC) gene. Late-onset patients had a normal exam. All early-onset patients showed a maculopathy; older subjects had a retina-wide degeneration (n = 4; >7 years of age). In general, retinal changes were first observed before 1 year of age and progressed within months to a well-established maculopathy. Pseudocolobomas were documented in three patients. Measurable visual acuities ranged from 20/200 to 20/540. Nystagmus was present in 8/11 patients; 5/6 patients had normal ERGs; 1/6 had reduced rod-mediated responses. Spectral-domain OCT showed macular thinning, with severe ganglion cell layer (GCL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) loss. Inner retinal thickening was observed in areas of total GCL/ONL loss. A normal lamination pattern in the peripapillary nasal retina was often seen despite severe central and/or retina-wide disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with early-onset cblC and MMACHC mutations showed an early-onset, unusually fast-progressing maculopathy with severe central ONL and GCL loss. An abnormally thickened inner retina supports a remodeling response to both photoreceptor and ganglion cell degeneration and/or an interference with normal development in early-onset cblC.
Volume
56
Issue
13
First Page
7875
Last Page
7887
ISSN
1552-5783
Published In/Presented At
Bonafede, L., Ficicioglu, C. H., Serrano, L., Han, G., Morgan, J. I., Mills, M. D., Forbes, B. J., Davidson, S. L., Binenbaum, G., Kaplan, P. B., Nichols, C. W., Verloo, P., Leroy, B. P., Maguire, A. M., & Aleman, T. S. (2015). Cobalamin C Deficiency Shows a Rapidly Progressing Maculopathy With Severe Photoreceptor and Ganglion Cell Loss. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 56(13), 7875–7887. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.15-17857
Disciplines
Medicine and Health Sciences | Pediatrics
PubMedID
26658511
Department(s)
Department of Pediatrics
Document Type
Article