Bleeding and infection with external ventricular drainage: a systematic review in comparison with adjudicated adverse events in the ongoing Clot Lysis Evaluating Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage Phase III (CLEAR-III IHV) trial.

Authors

• Mahua Dey
• Agnieszka Stadnik
• Fady Riad
• Lingjiao Zhang
• Nichol McBee
• Carlos Kase
• J Ricardo Carhuapoma
• Malathi Ram
• Karen Lane
• Noeleen Ostapkovich
• Francois Aldrich
• Charlene Aldrich
• Jack Jallo
• Ken Butcher
• Ryan Snider
• Daniel Hanley
• Wendy Ziai
• Issam A Awad

Publication/Presentation Date

3-1-2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Retrospective series report varied rates of bleeding and infection with external ventricular drainage (EVD). There have been no prospective studies of these risks with systematic surveillance, threshold definitions, or independent adjudication.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the rate of complications in the ongoing Clot Lysis: Evaluating Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage Phase III (CLEAR III) trial, providing a comparison with a systematic review of complications of EVD in the literature.

METHODS: Patients were prospectively enrolled in the CLEAR III trial after placement of an EVD for obstructive intraventricular hemorrhage and randomized to receive recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator or placebo. We counted any detected new hemorrhage (catheter tract hemorrhage or any other distant hemorrhage) on computed tomography scan within 30 days from the randomization. Meta-analysis of published series of EVD placement was compiled with STATA software.

RESULTS: Growing or unstable hemorrhage was reported as a cause of exclusion from the trial in 74 of 5707 cases (1.3%) screened for CLEAR III. The first 250 patients enrolled have completed adjudication of adverse events. Forty-two subjects (16.8%) experienced ≥1 new bleeds or expansions, and 6 of 250 subjects (2.4%) suffered symptomatic hemorrhages. Eleven cases (4.4%) had culture-proven bacterial meningitis or ventriculitis.

CONCLUSION: Risks of bleeding and infection in the ongoing CLEAR III trial are comparable to those previously reported in EVD case series. In the present study, rates of new bleeds and bacterial meningitis/ventriculitis are very low despite multiple daily injections, blood in the ventricles, the use of thrombolysis in half the cases, and generalization to >60 trial sites.

Volume

76

Issue

3

First Page

291

Last Page

300

ISSN

1524-4040

Published In/Presented At

Dey, M., Stadnik, A., Riad, F., Zhang, L., McBee, N., Kase, C., Carhuapoma, J. R., Ram, M., Lane, K., Ostapkovich, N., Aldrich, F., Aldrich, C., Jallo, J., Butcher, K., Snider, R., Hanley, D., Ziai, W., Awad, I. A., & CLEAR III Trial Investigators (2015). Bleeding and infection with external ventricular drainage: a systematic review in comparison with adjudicated adverse events in the ongoing Clot Lysis Evaluating Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage Phase III (CLEAR-III IHV) trial. Neurosurgery, 76(3), 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0000000000000624

Disciplines

Business Administration, Management, and Operations | Health and Medical Administration | Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods

PubMedID

25635887

Department(s)

Administration and Leadership

Document Type

Article