Adverse Impact of Smoking on Spine Fusion and Patient-Reported Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Publication/Presentation Date
3-1-2026
Abstract
Study designSystematic review and meta-analysis.ObjectiveThis systematic review with meta-analysis is aimed at evaluating the impact of smoking (tobacco) on spinal fusion rates and the resulting PROMs.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in 4 databases. Studies focused on adult smokers vs non-smokers undergoing spinal fusion. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for dichotomous variables and mean differences or standardized mean differences for continuous variables. The primary outcomes assessed were non-union/pseudoarthrosis incidence and PROMs.ResultsA total of 29 studies were included in this analysis. The unadjusted incidence of pseudoarthrosis was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.55-2.52,
Volume
16
Issue
2
First Page
1329
Last Page
1348
ISSN
2192-5682
Published In/Presented At
Arnold, P. M., Harrop, J. S., Mariscal, G., Sasso, R. C., Steinmetz, M. P., Chaput, C. D., Jacobs, W. B., Witiw, C. D., & O'Toole, J. E. (2026). Adverse Impact of Smoking on Spine Fusion and Patient-Reported Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Global spine journal, 16(2), 1329–1348. https://doi.org/10.1177/21925682251383167
Disciplines
Business Administration, Management, and Operations | Health and Medical Administration | Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
PubMedID
41066602
Department(s)
Administration and Leadership
Document Type
Article