Functional Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome: A Review of Diagnosis and Management.
Publication/Presentation Date
8-1-2019
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Functional popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (FPAES) results from hypertrophied gastrocnemius, soleus, and/or plantaris muscles, without an identifiable anatomic abnormality. Historically, FPAES has been managed with surgical myotomy or myomectomy. Herein, we review the literature to evaluate the results of surgery along with a newer treatment (botulinum toxin A injection) for this rare form of claudication.
METHODS: A literature search in PubMed, Cochrane, and Ovid for studies reporting incidence and management of FPAES yielded 3391 publications; 2804 articles were excluded based on initially established exclusion criteria. Ultimately, data were extracted from six articles, from which the number of patients, demographic information, preoperative workup, surgical treatment details, follow-up imaging, and results of treatment were obtained.
RESULTS: A total of 133 patients were studied. Mean age was 26 years; 57% were female, and noninvasive testing revealed bilateral findings in 39%. Treatment involved surgical myotomy/myomectomy (98; five studies) and botulinum toxin injection (35; two studies). Adjunctive vascular reconstruction was performed in eight of the surgical cases. Patients with FPAES who underwent surgical management were evaluated subjectively for symptomatic improvement, and some patients had duplex ultrasounds in follow-up averaging 25.6 months. Three of 98 patients (3%) had recurrent symptoms, and seven (7%) underwent revision surgical procedures. Complications in the surgical management group included seroma/hematoma (4%, 4/98) and infection (2%, 2/98). For the botulinum toxin treatment group, improvement of symptoms was achieved in 66% of patients at an average follow-up time of ten months. Most patients treated with botulinum toxin did not undergo imaging in follow-up. No complications were reported.
CONCLUSIONS: This review suggests FPAES may be treated successfully with surgical myotomy/myomectomy plus adjunctive vascular reconstruction if necessary. Botulinum toxin A injection may be useful as a diagnostic and therapeutic measure for FPAES.
Volume
59
First Page
259
Last Page
267
ISSN
1615-5947
Published In/Presented At
Shahi, N., Arosemena, M., Kwon, J., Abai, B., Salvatore, D., & DiMuzio, P. (2019). Functional Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome: A Review of Diagnosis and Management. Annals of vascular surgery, 59, 259–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2018.12.105
Disciplines
Business Administration, Management, and Operations | Health and Medical Administration | Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods
PubMedID
31028851
Department(s)
Administration and Leadership
Document Type
Article