Evaluating Knowledge Outcomes of the Age-Friendly Health Systems and 4Ms Module in Medical Education: A Comparative Study of YouTube vs. Virtual Reality Platforms.

Publication/Presentation Date

2-1-2026

Abstract

This study evaluated and compared the effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR) versus YouTube-based training in teaching the 4Ms framework: What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility, within a geriatric medicine course for second-year medical students. Pre- and post-training surveys were administered via REDCap, and matched sample t-tests and Cohen's d effect size were conducted. VR training resulted in a mean knowledge increase of 0.55 (2.49 to 3.04, N=90), while YouTube training showed a 0.53 increase (2.58 to 3.11, N=76). Both showed statistically significant gains (p < 0.001), with YouTube having a larger t-value (-7.39 vs. -6.41), but VR demonstrating a greater effect size (Cohen's d = 0.82 vs. 0.62). However, an independent samples t-test revealed no significance in knowledge gains between groups (p = 0.80). These findings suggest that both modalities effectively enhance knowledge, with VR demonstrating a stronger effect size, likely due to its interactive effect. This highlights its potential use in medical education on geriatrics.

Volume

18

Issue

2

First Page

104394

Last Page

104394

ISSN

2168-8184

PubMedID

41913857

Department(s)

Medical Education

Document Type

Article

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