Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.
Publication/Presentation Date
1-1-2026
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a severe autoimmune disease that predominantly affects the optic nerves and spinal cord, which is a distinct disease process from multiple sclerosis (MS) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease. The most common neuro-ophthalmologic manifestation of NMOSD is atypical optic neuritis (ON), characterized by severe vision loss with a higher propensity toward bilateral involvement, longitudinal enhancement of the optic nerve, and chiasmal involvement than MS-related optic neuritis. Due to the severity of disease, high recurrence rate, and significant risk of permanent deficits, early recognition of neuro-ophthalmologic signs and short- and long-term management with immunosuppressive therapies is critical. In this article, we will review the characteristic neuro-ophthalmologic findings in NMOSD, serologic markers, neuroimaging findings, and current approaches to both acute and long-term treatment.
Volume
66
Issue
1
First Page
6
Last Page
11
ISSN
1536-9617
Published In/Presented At
Moheb, N., & Chen, J. J. (2026). Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. International ophthalmology clinics, 66(1), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1097/IIO.0000000000000595
Disciplines
Medicine and Health Sciences
PubMedID
41429670
Department(s)
Department of Medicine
Document Type
Article