Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis.
Publication/Presentation Date
5-7-2020
Abstract
AIMS: Myocarditis is a potentially fatal complication of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Sparse data exist on the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in ICI-associated myocarditis. In this study, the CMR characteristics and the association between CMR features and cardiovascular events among patients with ICI-associated myocarditis are presented.
METHODS AND RESULTS: From an international registry of patients with ICI-associated myocarditis, clinical, CMR, and histopathological findings were collected. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were a composite of cardiovascular death, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, and complete heart block. In 103 patients diagnosed with ICI-associated myocarditis who had a CMR, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 50%, and 61% of patients had an LVEF ≥50%. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was present in 48% overall, 55% of the reduced EF, and 43% of the preserved EF cohort. Elevated T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery (STIR) was present in 28% overall, 30% of the reduced EF, and 26% of the preserved EF cohort. The presence of LGE increased from 21.6%, when CMR was performed within 4 days of admission to 72.0% when CMR was performed on Day 4 of admission or later. Fifty-six patients had cardiac pathology. Late gadolinium enhancement was present in 35% of patients with pathological fibrosis and elevated T2-weighted STIR signal was present in 26% with a lymphocytic infiltration. Forty-one patients (40%) had MACE over a follow-up time of 5 months. The presence of LGE, LGE pattern, or elevated T2-weighted STIR were not associated with MACE.
CONCLUSION: These data suggest caution in reliance on LGE or a qualitative T2-STIR-only approach for the exclusion of ICI-associated myocarditis.
Volume
41
Issue
18
First Page
1733
Last Page
1743
ISSN
1522-9645
Published In/Presented At
Zhang, L., Awadalla, M., Mahmood, S. S., Nohria, A., Hassan, M., Thuny, F., Zlotoff, D. A., Murphy, S. P., Stone, J. R., Golden, D., Alvi, R. M., Rokicki, A., Jones-O'Connor, M., Cohen, J. V., Heinzerling, L. M., Mulligan, C., Armanious, M., Barac, A., Forrestal, B. J., Sullivan, R. J., … Neilan, T. G. (2020). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis. European heart journal, 41(18), 1733–1743. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa051
Disciplines
Medicine and Health Sciences
PubMedID
32112560
Peer Reviewed for front end display
Peer-Reviewed
Department(s)
Department of Medicine, Hematology-Medical Oncology Division, Department of Medicine Faculty
Document Type
Article