Factors associated with stroke formation in blunt cerebrovascular injury: An EAST multicenter study.
Publication/Presentation Date
2-1-2022
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Stroke risk factors after blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) are ill-defined. We hypothesized that factors associated with stroke for BCVI would include medical therapy (i.e., Aspirin), radiographic features, and protocolization of care.
METHODS: An Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma-sponsored, 16-center, prospective, observational trial was undertaken. Stroke risk factors were analyzed individually for vertebral artery (VA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) BCVI. Blunt cerebrovascular injuries were graded on the standard 1 to 5 scale. Data were from the initial hospitalization only.
RESULTS: Seven hundred seventy-seven BCVIs were included. Stroke rate was 8.9% for all BCVIs, with an 11.7% rate of stroke for ICA BCVI and a 6.7% rate for VA BCVI. Use of a management protocol (p = 0.01), management by the trauma service (p = 0.04), antiplatelet therapy over the hospital stay (p < 0.001), and Aspirin therapy specifically over the hospital stay (p < 0.001) were more common in ICA BCVI without stroke compared with those with stroke. Antiplatelet therapy over the hospital stay (p < 0.001) and Aspirin therapy over the hospital stay (p < 0.001) were more common in VA BCVI without stroke than with stroke. Percentage luminal stenosis was higher in both ICA BCVI (p = 0.002) and VA BCVI (p < 0.001) with stroke. Decrease in percentage luminal stenosis (p < 0.001), resolution of intraluminal thrombus (p = 0.003), and new intraluminal thrombus (p = 0.001) were more common in ICA BCVI with stroke than without, while resolution of intraluminal thrombus (p = 0.03) and new intraluminal thrombus (p = 0.01) were more common in VA BCVI with stroke than without.
CONCLUSION: Protocol-driven management by the trauma service, antiplatelet therapy (specifically Aspirin), and lower percentage luminal stenosis were associated with lower stroke rates, while resolution and development of intraluminal thrombus were associated with higher stroke rates. Further research will be needed to incorporate these risk factors into lesion specific BCVI management.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic and Epidemiologic, Level IV.
Volume
92
Issue
2
First Page
347
Last Page
354
ISSN
2163-0763
Published In/Presented At
Esposito, E. C., Kufera, J. A., Wolff, T. W., Spalding, M. C., Simpson, J., Dunn, J. A., Zier, L., Burruss, S., Kim, P., Jacobson, L. E., Williams, J., Nahmias, J., Grigorian, A., Harmon, L., Gergen, A., Chatoor, M., Rattan, R., Young, A. J., Pascual, J. L., Murry, J., … Lauerman, M. H. (2022). Factors associated with stroke formation in blunt cerebrovascular injury: An EAST multicenter study. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 92(2), 347–354. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000003455
Disciplines
Medicine and Health Sciences
PubMedID
34739003
Department(s)
Department of Surgery
Document Type
Article
Comments
Presented at AAST 2021