Effect of sex chromosome number variation on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, executive function, and processing speed.

Publication/Presentation Date

3-1-2022

Abstract

AIM: To study sex differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, we explored whether X chromosome absence or excess is independently associated with deficits in attention and hyperactivity, executive function, and processing speed.

METHOD: We assessed 116 children (ages 3y 10mo-11y 11mo, mean 8y 5mo, SD 1y 11mo) with a variable number of sex chromosomes: 36 females with Turner syndrome (45, X0), 20 males with Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY), 37 typically developing females (XX), and 23 typically developing males (XY).

RESULTS: X chromosome absence was associated with increased attention problems, hyperactivity, and deficits in inhibitory control, compared with female children with XX (all p0.4), while X excess affected in-laboratory as well as parent-reported working memory (all r>0.4).

INTERPRETATION: Our observations provide compelling evidence that the absence or excess of an X chromosome distinctly affects cognition and behaviors associated with ADHD.

Volume

64

Issue

3

First Page

331

Last Page

339

ISSN

1469-8749

Disciplines

Medicine and Health Sciences

PubMedID

34431088

Department(s)

Department of Pediatrics, Department of Surgery

Document Type

Article

Link to Full Text

Share

COinS